BANERJEE, S., PHUNEERUB, P., JAIDEE, W., RUJANAPUN, N., DUANGYOD, T., MALEE, K., MANEERAT, W., SUTHIPHASILP, V., LAPHOOKHIEO, S., RAMLI, N. N., MAH, S. H., CHANSUKH, K. K., HIRANSAI, P., PUTTARAK, P., SARKER, S. D., NAHAR, Lutfun, CHAROENSUP, R. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Extracts Inhibit Key Glucose Metabolic Enzymes While Enhancing Glucose Transport in L6 Myotubes and 3T3L1 Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY. 2025, 2025(1), 8252812. ISSN 0145-8884. E-ISSN 1745-4514

Background: Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet (Malvaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant known for its antidiabetic properties in Ayurveda and other health systems. Aims: This study aims to profile metabolites in Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet extracts (AI) and elucidate their antidiabetic mechanisms through bioinformatics and experimental methods. Study Design: The ethanolic (AIE) and aqueous (AIA) extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, as well as their impact on glucose metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 skeletal muscle cells. AIE was characterized via HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS, with network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses used to explore molecular targets. Methods: In vitro assays were performed to assess enzyme inhibition, and cell line studies HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS were utilized for compound characterization. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were conducted to reveal underlying antidiabetic mechanisms. Results: LC-MS-QTOF analysis identified gallic acid, stigmasterol, and riboflavin as abundant compounds. The AIE exhibited significant alpha-glucosidase (IC50 = 74.15 +/- 1.61 mu g/mL) and alpha-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 13.41 +/- 0.71 mu g/mL). Moreover, it enhanced glucose consumption in 3T3-L1 cells (IC50 = 6.25 mu g/mL) and promoted glucose uptake in L6 myotubes. Network pharmacology analyses highlighted the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway's role in facilitating glucose transport. Conclusion: The phytochemicals in AIE may contribute significantly to its antidiabetic effects, particularly through the modulation of glucose transport via the PI3K-Akt pathway. Future studies should focus on the preclinical development of safe herbal formulations utilizing these mechanisms for effective diabetes management.